Results of this injury depend on 1 the extent of injury ie, amount of displacement, amount of comminution, whether circulation has been disturbed, 2 the adequacy of the reduction, and 3 the. Femoral neck fractures in young patients are usually caused by highenergy trauma. In the erect posture it is not vertical, being separated above from its fellow by a considerable interval, which corresponds to the breadth of the pelvis, but inclining gradually downward and medialward, so as to approach its fellow toward its lower. An unsteady gait or reduced bone mineral density, both of which may be seen in the elderly is a predisposing factor. Of these xrays, twentyseven showed femoral neck or transtrochanteric fractures.
It occurs when the top part of the femur leg bone is broken, just below the ball and socket joint. It is both the longest and the strongest bone in the human body, extending from the hip to the knee. They are mainly encountered among elderly women who are affected by both the senile and by the postclimacteric endocrine osteoporosis 3. Heres an intro to a few body parts you didnt know you had. A smaller blunt, conical eminence that projects medially and posteriorly from the junction of the neck and shaft of the femur adductor tubercle a slightly raised between the medial and lateral condyles that receives the tendon of the tendon of an adductor muscle. Femoral neck fractures account for less than 1% of all childrens fractures. Fracture neck of femur is a type of hip fracture seen in elderly people. This analysis shows the clinical course of traumatic femoral head and neck fractures in paediatric patients. A firm grasp of the anatomy of the proximal femur is required as a foundation to understand the treatment principles for fractures of this specific anatomical structure. Clinical anatomy 1 fracture of neck of the femur is very common in older from biology 2010 at nashville state community college. They are covered more fully in the separate stress fractures article.
The femoral neck connects the femoral shaft with the femoral head. Fracture neck of femur risk factors, types, causes. The part of the body joining the head to the shoulders or trunk. Femoral stress fractures partialthickness fractures, most commonly affecting the femoral neck. These fractures are often associated with multiple injuries and high rates of avascular necrosis and nonunion. A narrow or constricted area of a bodily structure, as of a bone, that. Treatment is aimed at reducing the fracture and maintaining the reduction long enough to.
The same remarks apply to all fractures of the femur below the neck. All of the bodys weight is supported by the femurs during many activities, such as running, jumping, walking, and standing. Pediatric femur neck fracture is exceedingly rare and accounts for fewer than 1% of all pediatric fractures. To show the administration of a dose of relaxed movement to the kneejoint of a patient with fractured femur, before union is firm enough to allow removal of the extension. They are very common, with an incidence of 75,000 in the uk, set to rise to 100,000 by 2020. Neck of femur definition of neck of femur by medical. If you would like a large, unwatermarked image for your web page or blog, please purchase the appropriate license. Fractures of the femoral neck in children sciencedirect. When union is complete and the patient is handed over to the masseur for restoration of. Oct 16, 2012 anatomy of neck of femur neck connects head with shaft and is about 3. Apr 02, 2015 the femur is the only bone located within the human thigh.
The junctional location makes the femoral neck prone to fracture. Average adult femoral neck shaft angle is 5, but this is only an average. Learn more about the anatomy of the hip joint in this tutorial. Femoral neck fractures are a subset of proximal femoral fractures. An intracapsular neck of femur fracture therefore significantly comprises the vascular supply to the femoral head and increases the likelihood of avascular necrosis. Fractures of the head and neck of the femur in children are very rare, occurring only after a highvelocity trauma, e. Neck of femur musculoskeletal, skeletal anatomyzone. A direct fall on the hip, completion of fatigue fracture or twisting of the body over the hip are all possible causes of a fractured neck in the elderly. There are a number of classifications of the femoral neck fractures, as illustrated. Femur anatomy general features, attachments, development, fractures mbbs, fmge and neet pg duration. Calcar femorale calcar femorale is a condensed plate of bone extending from lesser trochanter to greater trochanter posteromedially trabecular system fracture neck of femur. An interactive quiz covering anterior markings of femur bone through multiplechoice questions and featuring the iconic gbs illustrations.
Study skeletal anatomy of the femur flashcards at proprofs skeletal anatomy of the femur as required for athabasca universitys biol235 chapter 8 appendicular skeleton. The upper extremity is composed of the head, neck, greater trochanter and lesser trochanter. Photographs of two patients who sustained gunshot wounds of femur, and who were treated on the lines indicated, are shown in figs. The head of the femur articulates with the acetabulum in the pelvic bone forming the hip joint, while the distal part of the femur articulates with the tibia and kneecap, forming the knee joint. Hip fracture is a medical condition in which there is a break in the continuity of the femoral bone. Ppt on neck of femur fracture by abdulmushib in types school work, anatomy, and management. Fractures of the head and neck of the femur in children. The management of isolated femoral neck fractures in the. Neck of femur head of femur greater trochanter shaft of femur lateral epicondyle patellar surface medial. Most land mammals capable of jumping also have femur bones, also lizards, frogs, and other tetrapod vertebrates. The middle segment is also referred to as the midcervical part and is the narrowest part of the femoral neck.
Three hundred and five digital xrays of the pelvis were analyzed in the anteroposterior view. Femoral neck fracture surgery, pathophysiology and. Hip fracture is generally affected by hip anatomy, the applied forces to the hip, and bone mechanical properties. A fractured neck of femur broken hip is a serious injury, especially in older people. Anatomic drawings of the bone neck of femur head of. Femoral neck fractures are a specific type of intracapsular hip fracture. These changes are responsible for producing a bone and joint. The neck angle can be measured by placing one line down the center of the femoral shaft and a second line down the center of the femoral neck. In the female, in consequence of the increased width of the pelvis, the neck of the femur forms more nearly a right angle with the body than it does in the male it is smaller in short than in long bones, and when the pelvis is wide. Elderly, osteoporotic women are particularly at risk. Dec 01, 2011 pediatric femur neck fracture is exceedingly rare and accounts for fewer than 1% of all pediatric fractures. It is composed of the upper extremity, body and lower extremity and provides several muscular origins and insertions. Neck of the femur definition of neck of the femur by the. This may be representative of lower energy injury pattern and supportive of the above postulate.
The femur is the only bone located within the human thigh. May 08, 2015 femur anatomy general features, attachments, development, fractures mbbs, fmge and neet pg duration. In humans the neck of the femur connects the shaft and head at a 125 degree angle, which is efficient for walking. A high neck angle is a valgus hip, a low neck angle is a varus hip. In addition to projecting upward and medialward from the body of the femur, the neck also projects somewhat forward. This is predominantly through the medial circumflex femoral artery, which lies directly on the intracapsular femoral neck. In this section, hip anatomy is explained to show why the hip is likely to experience fracture in a fall. Human anatomy bones human anatomy pelvic bone anatomy bony anatomy of pelvis female anatomy of the hip and pelvis anatomy facts anatomy diagram g spot archives human anatomy lesson doing a lot of yoga and youll become way, way more familiar with your own anatomy. The femur is composed of three separate regions figure 612 74. As a result, most of these fractures 80% to 90% are due to highenergy trauma. Extreme forces also act upon the femur thanks to the strength of the muscles of the hip and thigh that act on the femur to move the leg.
Fractured neck of femur definition of fractured neck of. Any movement is prescribed by the surgeon, though it were well if, in recent fractures, he would always try the effect of mobilisation under the influence of massage before deciding on open operation for the reduction of deformity. It is strengthened by calcar femorale bony thickening along its concavity. The fractures of the femoral neck represent approximately 7% of the total of fractures. The proximal femur undergoes significant developmental changes in utero and until puberty.
Instant anatomy is a specialised web site for you to learn all about human anatomy of the body with diagrams, podcasts and revision questions. If you would like a large, unwatermarked image for your web page or. There are two main types of hip fracture, intracapsular and extracapsular. Anatomy of neck of femur neck connects head with shaft and is about 3. Neck of the femur synonyms, neck of the femur pronunciation, neck of the femur translation, english dictionary definition of neck of the femur.
Since disruption of blood supply to the femoral head is dependent on the type of fracture and causes significant morbidity, diagnosis and classification of these fractures is important. Clinical anatomy 1 fracture of neck of the femur is very. You may not embed one of our images on your web page without a link back to our site. Explore and learn about the femur with our 3d interactive anatomy atlas. Jan 19, 2016 femoral neck fractures in young patients are usually caused by highenergy trauma. The femur, or thigh bone, is the longest, heaviest, and strongest bone in the entire human body. The most lateral aspect the part closest to the greater trochanter is known as the base of the femoral neck or the basicervical portion of the neck is the widest part of the neck of the femur. Figure 1 relevant anatomy for a femoral neck fracture following a fall or due to a direct blow to the hip or thigh, stress is placed on the femur. In the erect posture it is not vertical, being separated above from its fellow by a considerable interval, which corresponds to the breadth of the pelvis, but inclining gradually downward and medialward, so as to approach its fellow toward its lower part. Skeletal anatomy of the femur flashcards by proprofs.
In humans the neck of the femur connects the shaft and head at a. The blood supply to the neck of the femur is retrograde, passing from distal to proximal along the femoral neck to the femoral head. Fractures of the femoral neck are intracapsular injuries and therefore entail the risks of posttraumatic arthrosis, avascular necrosis of the head of femur and eventually the loss of the joint due to implantation of an alloarthroplasty. Anatomy a constricted portion of an organ or part, such as the cervix of the uterus 3. The hip joint is the articulation of the femoral head with the acetabulum. The blood supply of the femoral head is an essential consideration in displaced fractures as it runs along the femoral neck. Neck of femur article about neck of femur by the free. Fractured neck of femur is a common problem in the elderly population with an estimated incidence of 56 6 in england for the period 199192. A fractured neck of femur fnof involves a fracture occurring in the location of the femoral neck the weakest area of the femur. It is likely to be life changing and for some people life threatening. The femoral neck is about 5 cm long and can be subdivided into three regions. Fnof is primarily an injury of older people but may also occur in younger people with a history of violent trauma.
Neck of femur fractures nof are common injuries sustained by older patients who are both more likely to have unsteadiness of gait and reduced bone mineral density, predisposing to fracture. Akramjaffar fracture of the neck of the femur occurs in elderly women and is usually produced by a minor trip causing an indirect violence to the femur. To evaluate the correlation between radiographic parameters of the proximal femur anatomy and fractures. They are chronic overuse injuries and tend to be seen in those who take part in physical activity. Using the equation produced by imms and edholm 15, it can be calculated that gait speed is reduced by 26% between the ages of 65 and 85 and, considering the age of this group, it is possible that a. Neck of femur fracture subcapital intertrochanteric. May 20, 2010 fractures of the head and neck of the femur in children are very rare, occurring only after a highvelocity trauma, e. Anatomic drawings of the bone neck of femur head of femur. The femur thigh is the largest and strongest of these bones. Anatomy of the proximal femur, hips, and pelvis flashcards.